To optimize runtime performance, message length must be minimized and message meaning must be maximized.
Longer messages require more CPU and memory to produce. marshaling) and message interpretation (which might be a reference to a string, array or data structure), which require less overhead than creating a complicated message such as a SOAP message. Whether loosely or tightly coupled, a system's performance is often reduced by message and parameter creation, transmission, translation (e.g. Temporal coupling It is when two actions are bundled together into one module just because they happen to occur at the same time. The child is connected to its parent, but the parent is not connected to the child. Object-oriented programming Subclass coupling Describes the relationship between a child and its parent. Each datum is an elementary piece, and these are the only data shared (e.g., passing an integer to a function that computes a square root). Data coupling Data coupling occurs when modules share data through, for example, parameters. In this situation, a modification in a field that a module does not need may lead to changing the way the module reads the record. Stamp coupling (data-structured coupling) Stamp coupling occurs when modules share a composite data structure and use only parts of it, possibly different parts (e.g., passing a whole record to a function that needs only one field of it). Control coupling Control coupling is one module controlling the flow of another, by passing it information on what to do (e.g., passing a what-to-do flag). This is basically related to the communication to external tools and devices. External coupling External coupling occurs when two modules share an externally imposed data format, communication protocol, or device interface.
But it can lead to uncontrolled error propagation and unforeseen side-effects when changes are made. Common coupling Common coupling is said to occur when several modules have access to the same global data.
This violates information hiding - a basic design concept. Content coupling (high) Content coupling is said to occur when one module uses the code of other module, for instance a branch. a set of one or more statements having a name and preferably its own set of variable names. A module here refers to a subroutine of any kind, i.e.
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